POLYGALA TENUIFOLIA
Polygala Tenuifolia Willd. Yuan Zhi, also known as Polygalaceae, is reported to be enriched with triterpene saponins, onjisaponins, and polygalasaponins (Jin et al. 2014) and exhibits protective effects on the central nervous system. It is frequently used in the treatment of memory impairment, insomnia, and neurasthenia (Zhang et al. 2016). The pharmacologically active components of Polygala Tenuifolia, including polygalasaponins such as polygalasaponin XXXII (PGS 32), tenuifolin, polygalactic acid, and senegenin (tenuigenin), have been shown to possess multiple neuroprotective potentials associated with Alzheimer's Disease, such as anti-β-amyloid (Ab) aggregation (Jia et al. 2004; Park et al. 2019), anti-Tau (Xu et al. 2012), anti-inflammation (Cheong et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2017), antioxidant (Zhang et al. 2011), central cholinergic system enhancement, anti-neuronal apoptosis (Li et al. 2015), and support for neuronal proliferation (Park et al. 2008; Zhu et al. 2016).
PUBLICATIONS ON THE SUBJECT:
** BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Oct 25;21(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03437-5.
Active constituent of Polygala tenuifolia attenuates cognitive deficits by rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543956/pdf/12906_2021_Article_3437.pdf** Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Sep;29(9):1892-6.doi: 10.1248/bpb.29.1892.
Characterization of anti-neurodegenerative effects of Polygala tenuifolia in Abeta(25-35)-treated cortical neurons
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/9/29_9_1892/_pdf/-char/en** Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Jul;27(7):1081-5.doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.1081.
Cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects of acylated oligosaccharides in Polygala tenuifolia
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/27/7/27_7_1081/_pdf/-char/en** Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:392324.doi: 10.1155/2014/392324. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract of Polygala tenuifolia on Aged Mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972950/pdf/ECAM2014-392324.pdf** Brain Circ. 2018 Jan-Mar;4(1):24-32.doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_2_17. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
Neuroprotective effects of tenuigenin on neurobehavior, oxidative stress, and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6057698/pdf/BC-4-24.pdf** Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):410-416.doi: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1758732.
Polygala tenuifolia: a source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7301717/pdf/IPHB_58_1758732.pdf** Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Sep;30(9):1211-9.doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.112. Epub 2009 Aug 17.
Polygalasaponin XXXII from Polygala tenuifolia root improves hippocampal-dependent learning and memory
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4007183/pdf/aps2009112a.pdf** Front Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 17;12:688703.doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688703.
Protective Effects and Mechanism of Radix Polygalae Against Neurological Diseases as Well as Effective Substance
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8719339/pdf/fpsyt-12-688703.pdf** PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45575.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045575. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
Senegenin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion induced cognitive dysfunction by increasing hippocampal NR2B expression in rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448627/pdf/pone.0045575.pdf** BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jan 23;16:26. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1006-3.
The neuritogenic and neuroprotective potential of senegenin against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724108/pdf/12906_2016_Article_1006.pdf